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Objective To explore the MRI features of acute optic neuritis with positive aquaporin?4 (AQP4) antibodies and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies during the first attack. Methods Eighty five patients (105 affected nerves) with first?episode AQP4?seropositive optic neuritis (AQP4?ON; n=58; 64 affected nerves) and MOG?seropositive optic neuritis (MOG?ON; n=27; 41 affected nerves) diagnosed by our hospital Neuro?ophthalmology Department between April 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Double seronegative patients or double seropositive patients were not included. All patients underwent orbital conventional MRI; 29 patients also underwent RESOLVE?DWI and 55 underwent brain T2 fluid?attenuated inversion recovery (T2FLAIR). Theclinical features (age, gender, disease duration) and MRI features (T2WI, bilateral involvement, the degree and extent of enhancement, the extent of involvement, the affected segment and ADC values of nerve; demyelinating lesions of brain) were analyzed by 2 doctors. The qualitative parameters were compared with χ2 test or Fisher exact test and the quantitative parameters were compared with two independent sample t test (normal distribution) or the Mann?Whitney U test (skewed distribution). The Kappa test was used to test the consistency of the qualitative characteristics of the images evaluated by the 2 doctors. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to test the consistency of the ADC obtained by the 2 doctors. Results There were no significant differences in the distributions of age and disease duration between 2 groups (t=1.911, Z=-1.054, P>0.05). AQP4?ON had a higher female proportion (χ2=13.911, P<0.05) and showed mainly unilateral involvement. MOG?ON more commonly showed bilateral involvement (χ2=17.640, P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the demyelinating lesions of brain (χ2=0.000)and the presence/absence of optic tract involvement (both P>0.05). There was a higher probability of optic nerve swelling, long segmental lesions and optic nerve head involvement in MOG?ON(χ2=16.845, 13.525, 13.264, P<0.05). Moreover, the rate of obvious enhancement and the involvement of optic chiasm was higher in AQP4?ON(χ2=7.152, 5.088, P<0.05). RESOLVE?DWI showed the ADC values of the AQP4?ON were significantly lower than those of MOG?ON (t=-3.300, P<0.05). The qualitative features of image evaluated by the 2 doctors were consistent well (Kappa=0.712-0.932, P<0.001).The ADC values obtained by the 2 doctors were consistent well (ICC=0.942, P<0.001).Conclusions For the first?episode acute optic neuritis, AQP4?ON hasobvious female predilection and the trend of unilateral involvement and obvious enhancement, while MOG?ON isoften involved bilaterally with longitudinally extensive lesions. The ADC values of the AQP4?ON are significantly lower than those of MOG?ON and AQP4?ON are more vulnerable to involve the optic chiasm. Conventional MRI and RESOLVE?DWI are helpful for differentiating AQP4?ON from MOG?ON during the early stage of the disease course.
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Through the construction practice of the optic nerve disease picture database,the paper discusses the system architecture,database field,data content,picture processing,organization and implementation,and other issues about the construction of the clinical case picture database,states and analyzes the operation effect,points out deficiencies,and provides reference for the construction of relevant picture databases.
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Background and purpose: Itch protein is an established regulator of T cell immune response thresholds, belong to a class of E3 ubiquitin-transferring enzymes, widely involve in the ubiquitination of several key signaling molecules, such as ZAP70, P85, VAV, PLC-γ, PKC-θ, etc, plays a critical role in tumor induced immu-nosuppression. Itch ligase activity regulate T-cell anergy and development of regulatory T cells in the periphery by modulating key components of T-cell receptor and transforming growth factor-βsignaling. Therefore, manipulation of Itch activities may provide the opportunities to develop future therapies for immune disorders such as autoimmunity and cancer. speciifc small interfering RNA(siRNA) was utilized to silence the expression of Itch gene of T-lymphocytes and investigate the cytotoxicity activity of transfected T lymphocytes against MFC stomach neoplasms cells in vitro. Methods:T lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen of 615 mice and transfected by speciifc siRNA to silence the expression of Itch gene, The expression of Itch protein were examined by Western bolt in each group;72 hours after transfection, The secretion level of IL-2, INF-γwere measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At the end, the cytotoxicity activity changes against MFC stomach neoplasms cells was compared between transfected T lym-phocytes, negative control and blank control in vitro. Results:Compared with control group, the expression rate of Itch protein of transfected T-lymphocytes was decreased to 16%after transfection 48 hours;72 hours after transfection, the secretion level of IL-2 in transfection group, negative control and blank control respectively were (1 891.96±141.91)pg/mL, (1 241.69±91.67)pg/mL and (1 175.03±89.14)pg/mL (P<0.001), the secretion level of INF-γin transfection group, negative control and blank control respectively were (958.33±75.46)pg/mL, (683.33±66.67)pg/mL and (691.72±68.72) pg/mL (P<0.05). Transfected T lymphocyte also showed more efifcient killing ability against MFC stomach neoplasms cells than negative control and blank control in vitro, the highest killing rate has reached (54.18±2.96)%. Conclusion:Silencing Itch gene can signiifcantly promoted the secretion level of IL-2, INF-γof mice T lymphocyte, enhanced the cytotoxicity activity of T lymphocyte against MFC stomach neoplasms cells in vitro.
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BACKGROUND: Apart from anticoagulation property and suppressing platelet congregation capability, tongxinluo preparation has been proved by traditional Chinese medicine to possess certain function for protecting endothelial cells.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of Chinese medicinal herb "tongxinluo" compound on adhesion molecule expression in brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) animal model.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted at the laboratory of the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, between October 2002 and January 2003. Totally 25 male SD rats were randomized into sham-operation group of 5 rats, model group of 10 rats and tongxinluo group of 10 rats.METHODS: Middle cerebral artery was occluded using thread-bolt method to induce focal brain IR model in rats. In sham-operation group,nylon thread was placed around the external carotid artery approximating to the branch of internal carotid artery, and the other procedure was the same as that in model group. Rats in tongxinluo group were given tongxininfusion before IR for 1 consecutive week, which was replaced by physiological saline of the same dosage in model group and sham-operation group. Brain tissues were obtained under anesthesia condition and cut into slices; conventional HE staining, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization staining were conducted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① The number of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)positive microvessels following IR injury.② The number of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA positive microvessels following IR injury.RESULTS:① In sham-operation group,ICAM-1,VCAM-1 protein andICAM-1 mRNA positive microvessels could not be observed in hemispheric cortex and basal ganglion at the operative side.② In model group,the positive expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 protein and ICAM-1 mRNA obviously increased at the ischemic side at 6-hour reperfusion following 2-hour ischemia.③ In tongxinluo medication group,the positive protein and mRNA-expressing microvessls were found remarkably reduced in number in ischemic side hemispheric cortex and basal ganglion [(10.42 ±1.98),(12.42±2.14)/HP; (8.54±2.00), (11.12±1.56)/HP] (P ＜ 0.05), but the positive VCAM-1 protein-expressing microvessels did not change remarkably (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Tongxinluo can suppress ICAM-1 transcription and translation following rat brain IR, thus attenuating inflammatory injury induced by brain ischemia.
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Objective To investigate the neurogranin expression in the rat neocortical and hippocampal regions after kainci acid(KA) induced limbic seizures.Methods 52 SD rats were divided randomly into KA group and normal control group.The animals of KA group were injucted KA to kindling the seizures and sacrificed at the end of 6 h,12 h,18 h,24 h,and 48 h respectively after seizures induced.By using fluorescent immunostain combined with confocal microscope,neurogranin expression and distribution were examined in the cerebral cortex and different regions of hippocampal.Western Blot technique was specially used to analyze the quantitative level of protein involved in the relate areas.Results Strong expression of neurogranin was present in cytoplasm of layers Ⅱand Ⅲ cortical,CA_1,CA_3 pyramidal cells and dentate gyrus granule cells of normal control groups.Rats after 18 h KA injection began to exhibit decreased expression of neurogranin in the cortex significantly((P
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Objective:To observe the quantitative and morphological changes of astrocytes in nucleus of solitary tract(NTS) after vagus nerve stimulation(VNS).Methods:Light and electron microscopy immunohistochemisty were used to examine the relationship between astrocytes and neurons by observing the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),which is the specific protein for astrocytes. Results:Immunoreactivities of GFAP were significantly enhanced after VNS in NTS of rats. Meanwhile,the hypertrophy cell bodies and dark long processes could be seen under high power field. For electron microscopy,immunopositive GFAP astrocytes connected closely with the dendrites or axons of the neurons. The number of synapse increased remarkably after VNS compared with that of the control. Conclusion:Our data indicate that not only the neurons but also the astrocytes in the NTSs play a very important role in the process of the antiepileptic mechanism during VNS.
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Objective To investigate the related brain areas and nucleus involved in the inhibition of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on epilepsy. Methods Using the kainic acid kindling epilepsy rats model,we observed the distribution of Fos positive neurons in the brain after VNS treatment combined with immunohistochemical method. Results VNS induced a significant increase in Fos immunoreactivity in the bilateral nucleus of solitary tract,the locus coeruleus,parabrachial nucleus,periaqueductal gray of midbrain,lateral habenular nucleus,paraventricular thalamic nucleus,rhomoid thalamic nucleus,paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus.Dense Fos immunoreactive staining was also seen in the central nucleus of amygdala,bed nucleus of stria terminalis,lateral septal nucleus and prepirifiorm cortex.Pretreatment with electric stimulation on cervical vagual nerve stem, c fos expressing of hippocampus formation,cingulate gyrus and frontal,parietal,temporal lobus significantly diminished after KA injection. Conclusion This finding may suggest that VNS activates various brain structure that could be involved in the regulation of seizures.